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Persist and Merge Hibernate Methods


The semantics of the persist operation, applied to an entity X are as follows:
  • If X is a new entity, it becomes managed. The entity X will be entered into the database at or before transaction commit or as a result of the flush operation.
  • If X is a preexisting managed entity, it is ignored by the persist operation. However, the persist operation is cascaded to entities referenced by X, if the relationships from X to these other entities are annotated with the cascade=PERSIST or cascade=ALL annotation element value or specified with the equivalent XML descriptor element.
  • If X is a removed entity, it becomes managed.
  • If X is a detached object, the EntityExistsException may be thrown when the persist operation is invoked, or the EntityExistsException or another PersistenceExceptionmay be thrown at flush or commit time.
  • For all entities Y referenced by a relationship from X, if the relationship to Y has been annotated with the cascade element value cascade=PERSIST or cascade=ALL, the persist operation is applied to Y.



The semantics of the merge operation applied to an entity X are as follows:
  • If X is a detached entity, the state of X is copied onto a pre-existing managed entity instance X' of the same identity or a new managed copy X' of X is created.
  • If X is a new entity instance, a new managed entity instance X' is created and the state of X is copied into the new managed entity instance X'.
  • If X is a removed entity instance, an IllegalArgumentException will be thrown by the merge operation (or the transaction commit will fail).
  • If X is a managed entity, it is ignored by the merge operation, however, the merge operation is cascaded to entities referenced by relationships from X if these relationships have been annotated with the cascade element value cascade=MERGE or cascade=ALL annotation.
  • For all entities Y referenced by relationships from X having the cascade element value cascade=MERGE or cascade=ALL, Y is merged recursively as Y'. For all such Y referenced by X, X' is set to reference Y'. (Note that if X is managed then X is the same object as X'.)
  • If X is an entity merged to X', with a reference to another entity Y, where cascade=MERGE or cascade=ALL is not specified, then navigation of the same association from X' yields a reference to a managed object Y' with the same persistent identity as Y.

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Some good links

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@MappedSuperclass vs. @Inheritance

MappedSuperClass must be used to inherit properties, associations, and methods. Entity inheritance must be used when you have an entity, and several sub-entities. You can tell if you need one or the other by answering this questions: is there some other entity in the model which could have an association with the base class? If yes, then the base class is in fact an entity, and you should use entity inheritance. If no, then the base class is in fact a class that contains attributes and methods that are common to several unrelated entities, and you should use a mapped superclass. For example: You can have several kinds of messages: SMS messages, email messages, or phone messages. And a person has a list of messages. You can also have a reminder linked to a message, regardless of the kind of message. In this case, Message is clearly an entity, and entity inheritance must be used. All your domain objects could have a creation date, modification date and ID, and you could thus